A Comparative Study of Diversity Methods for Hybrid Text and Image Retrieval Approaches

This article compares eight different diversity methods: 3 based on visual information, 1 based on date information, 3 adapted to each topic based on location and visual information; finally, for completeness, 1 based on random permutation. To compare the effectiveness of these methods, we apply them on 26 runs obtained with varied methods from different research teams and based on different modalities. We then discuss the results of the more than 200 obtained runs. The results show that query-adapted methods are more efficient than non-adapted method, that visual only runs are more difficult to diversify than text only and text-image runs, and finally that only few methods maximize both the precision and the cluster recall at 20 documents.